Laser surgery for kidney stone removal, also known as ureteroscopy or laser lithotripsy, is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to break up kidney stones into smaller fragments that can be easily passed out of the body. During the procedure, a urologist inserts a thin, flexible tube called a ureteroscope into the urethra and up into the bladder and ureter. The ureteroscope has a tiny camera at the end, allowing the urologist to see the kidney stone and guide the laser to the right location. Once the laser is positioned correctly, it is used to break up the kidney stone into smaller fragments, which are then flushed out of the body naturally.